Grinding machine



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PATENT ori-*ice 2,403,341 GRINDING MACHINE Carl A. Carlson,

Norton Company. tion .of Massachusetts Worcester, Mass., assignor toWorcester, Mass., a corpora- Appucau'on .mme4 V5, 1944, serial No.538,816

'19 Claims. 1

This invention relates to an apparatus for grinding a non-rotatable workpiece and espea grinding operation. It is customary to grind off thesurface portion of a billet by means of a swing frame grinder operatedmanually. This opera,- tion has involved back-breaking labor and thewaste of considerable time and expense. p

The primary object of this invention is to provide an apparatus forgrinding off the surface layer of billets and the like by means of agrindingl layer may be removed/almost,automatically and with a minimumofattention and effort on the part of the operator.

Another object is to provide a grinding apparatus in which a grindingwheel carried on a movable frame is held automatically under pressure,and especially a yielding pressure, against a work surface of irregularcontour.

Another object is to provide an apparatus of this type in which thegrinding wheel may be oscillated to improve the grinding action.

Another object is to provide a grinder for billets and the like in whichthe work is subjected to the action of a series of relatively stationarywheels so arranged as to remove the entire work surface.

Other objects are to provide adjustments andv compensating featureswhich make machines of this type capable of satisfying manyrequirements. Further objects will be pointed out or made apparent inthe following disclosure.

In accordance with one aspect of this invention, I propose to grind of!the surface layer of a longitudinaliy movable but non-rotatable workpiece by means of a grinding wheel mounted with its axis parallel withthe For a wide work piece, a plurality of wheels may be arranged to cutparallel paths; and the wheels may be offset so that they do notinterferewith the work is introduced into each grinding zoneprogressively. Each wheel is held against the work under pressure whichmay be varied. Also, for grinding billets, it is preferred to oscillateeach wheel through an angle which apexos at the work surface. It is alsopreferred progressively through the direction of work travel. 4

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary plan view,

(Cl. Sil-33) machine .by driving mechanism which permits or provides forseveral passes oi the work through the grindingzone, ically turns thework over after each pass to bring a new surface into contact with thewheel or wheels.

Referring to the drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment of themachine as applied to grinding billets by a succession of abrasivewheels, the figures are as follows:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the method of procedure;l

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic front elevation suppleinenting Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an exaggerated elevation of the work, showing the grindingwheel paths;

Fig. 4 is'a diagrammatic showing of the work travel in a modiiledprocedure;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic showing of another procedure wherein the workstarts its travel at the reversing end of. the machine Fig. 6 is a planview of the right hand end of y the machine;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of right hand intermediate portion of the machinewhich joins onto the left end of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a plan View of the next portion of the machine joining ontothe left end of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the left hand end of the 0 machine, Joiningonto the left end of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary front elevation of the machine, showing theparts between the lines llil0 ofFigs.6 and';

Fig. 11 isan elevation, partly in section, taken on the lines Il-Il ofFig. 7 and l0;

Fig. 12 is a pian v iew, Vpartly'in section, of the swing frame grinderof Fig. 11; s

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary'sectional view taken on the line l3-l 3 of Fig.11 showing the flanged rollers which serve as a guide;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken on the line H-l-I of Fig. 11 showingthe mounting of the guide plate which is on the first grinding unitonly:

Fig. 15 is a ISL-I5 of Fig. 10 showing the means whereby the springsupport is held non-rotatable;

Fig. 16 1s ssectionai view taken on the une IS-IB of Fig. 11 showing theslideway for vertical movement of the grinding wheel;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken on the line I1I1 of Fig. 11 showingthe motor slide and its supporting guide member;

partly in and preferably which automatsectional lview takenkon the line2li-214 of Fig. 11 showing the support for two horizontal rollers unit,

section, on the line I 8 1 8 of Fig. 11 showing the f positioning rollerl l and its adjustments;

Fig. 19 is a sectional viewtaken on the line i9|9 of Figs. 11 and 18showing the slideways and the vertical adjustment of the' positioningroller;

Fig. 22 is asectional view taken on theline 22-22 of Fig. 11 showing theadjustable yrollers and their mounting which prevents thetrolley fromlifting;

Fig. 23 is a sectional view taken on the line 23-23 of Fig. 11showing'the Ilanged trolley wheels and their members;

Fig.' 24 is a sectionalV view taken on the lge e plunger which controlsthe trolley;

Fig. 25 is a sectional view taken on the line 25-25 of Fig. 11 showingthe mounting for the stops which position the trolley; Fig. 26 is anelevation View partly in section taken on the line 2li-26 of Fig. 8,which shows the swing frame grinder that grinds the corner of the work;

Fig. 27 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 21-21 of Fig.26, showing the mounting for the spring pressed plunger which preventsthe work from skewing;

Fig. 28 is a fragmentary'plan view taken on the line 28-28 of Fig. 26showing the positioning roller and its mounting;

Fig. 29 is a sectional viewl taken on the line 29- 29 of Figs. 26 andfor adjusting the positioning roller;

Fig. 30is a sectional view taken on'the line `311-30 of Fig. 26 showingthe slideway for positioning the grinding wheel;

Fig. 31 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel and its mounting'takenon` the line 3I3| `oi! Fig. y12;

Fig. 32y is a 32`-32 of Fig. 10 showing the lever arrangement fortilting the grinding wheel;

Fig. 33 isk a fragmentary sectionalview taken on the line 33-33 of Fig.6 showing the crank for tilting the grinding Wheel;

Figs. 34 and 35 are diagrammatic views showing the eiTect of the tiltingmotion of the grinding wheel as it wears away;

Fig. 36 is a similar view for the wheel which grinds the corner;

Fig'. 37 is a. diagrammatic showing of the positions of the grindingwheel and pivot support as the wheel wears away;

Fig. 38 is a diagrammatic showing of the relationship of the positionsof the swing frame pivot to the wheel which maintains a straight wheel.path as the wheel wears away;

Fig. 39 is a sectional view of a work driving unit, taken on the line39-39 of Figs. 7 and 10;

` Fig. 40 is a sectional view taken on the line 40-40 of Fig. 39 showingvthe mounting of the of the `work driving unit;

Fig. 41 is a fragmentary in section, viewed on the line 4I-4l of Fig.40, showing the rear side roller of the work driving Fig. 42 is aIfragmentary sectional view taken on the line 42-42 of Fig. 39 showingthe slideplate supports and controlling rear elevation, partly 'linvention,

alignment; but they are offset tionship relative to the line 28 showingthe slideway sectional view taken on the line through a suitable anglework deector; and

Fig. 47 is a fragmentary sectional adjustable deector for the line A"-47of Fig. 9. Referring ilrst to there illustrated view of the lbillettaken onthe my method diagrammatically.

the grinding wheels I6 are not in axial of travel of the work.

wheel of position I will grind an elongated.V transversely That is, therst grinding (Fig. 1)

ly stationary, except as they may be oscillated as diagrammaticallyshown by the dotted lines in Fig. 2 and later deback,such as by anelevator system, to the rst grinding position for passing again throughthe machine. At this time, the billet is turned over,

Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, I have wheelsto the position 25 where is turnedover through a quarter turn. reversing the power it is traversed backthrough the of abrasive wheels to where the work is again turned over.Thus, it is ground during each traverse as it goes from positions 24 to28 and completed at ing end of the m In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5,the work is traversed and quarter turned as shown by the arrows.- Inthis procedure, it starts at position 29 and is finished in position 30at the same end of the machine.

`This process may be carried outby various types and prefer to employthe procedure or Figs. -1 and 2 and the construction illustrated in theremaining the drawings. The entire assembly of the machine is shown inFigs. 6, '1, 8 and 9 in an end to end relationship in the order of theiigure' numbers starting at the right hand end of the machine. In thismachine, the billet I2 loaded onto the platform I3 (Fig. 6) is suitablymoved onto the freely movable rollers I4 and then manually ormechanically conveyed endwise along these rollers towards the lef-twhere driven rollers I5 (Figs. 10 and 39) two intermediate sections ofthe machine, shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Thera the billet I2 is movedlongitudinally whil 'its top face is subjected to the abrading yactionbi' the grinding wheels I6 in the positions I to 'I0 of Figs. 1, 2 and3. Ulti- Then, by

same succession mately, the billet .I2 is traversed by the rollerldriving mechanism im` its final pass `to the left hand end of themachine where it is diverted into the position I8- (Figs. 1 and 2) byan.adjustable Fig. 9). The billet I2 slides down an inclined chute 35 (Fig.45) which may be provided with frep rollers. The rolls 2li-then serve toreturn the billet under the influence of gravity to the position 2|(Fig. l) where it strikes a lengthwi'sefadjustable deiector plate 36(Fig. 6) and isv thrust into engagement with' prongs on an elevatorconveyor chain 31 (Figs. 6 and. 4 which thus returns'the billet I2 tothe starting position and at the same time turns it over for a secondgriding operation.

The work driving mechanism at each of the stations I to 9 inclusive, notincluding'station I0, is illustrated in Figs. 10, 11 and associatediigures. As shown in Fig. i0, the billet I2 passes .from 'the first setof free rolls I4"into engagement with the iirst power driven roller I5,thence over a free roll 39 (Fig. 43) which is similar to the roll I4,and then over the pressure roller I1 beneath the grinding wheel I6. Thepressure roller I1 is vertically movable in such a manner that theweight of the billet serves wheel down in grinding contact with the topsurface of the billet. The billet I2 travels then onto another powerdriven roll I5 and so on along this succession of rollers throughthegrinding stations I to I0.

Although various types of grinding apparatus may be employed within thescope of this invention, a construction oi the general type lmown as aswing frame grinder may be utilized because of the flexibility ofadjustment and the ease with which the grinding wheel may be osclllatedor tilted through a desired arc. As illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, thegrinding wheel. IB is removably mounted on suitable roller bearings(Fig. 31)

, carried in a hood 4I) having a demountable part installing thedrivingV belts. The

arranged for the starting position 26' arrangements o! mechanisms, but Ito hold the abrasive the work piece driven supporting rolls I5, l

the normal loadkeyed on the shaft .periphery of the..

downwardly against the pressure of the spring. The roller support 55carries the sleeve bearings is positioned by means of two pairs offlanged* the underside of obtain proper c ured in a bottom plate 4e bymeans of two -tion of the support 55. A screw 1l) ljournalled on atrolley support 4I arranged to carry the swing frame grinder. To theright of the ball joint 42 is mounted an extension'frame 44 supportingand/,a clamping a motor slide -45 (Fig. 17) carrying vconstant speedelectric motor 48. The grinding heel I6 is driven by the motor V belts41 running over a V pulley 48 on the grinding wheel mount (Fig. 31) anda two-stepped reversible pulley 49 (Fig. 11)

of the motor 1l and 17) has an lug 50 engaging a flanged screw 5I whichis rotatably mounted in af slotted stationary integral 4 'mounted nearthe other electrical control appar t a us. is desirable to prevent theforward end of the billet I2 -from .striking 4the side of the grindingwheel I6. This is accomplished by a spring pres sure mechanism shownparticularly in Figs. l0 and 1l, which holds the wheel out of the wayand. permits the weight of the billet to pull the wheel down intolgrinding contact, The pressure roller I1 is normally positioned by aspring .54 (Fig. il) so that the high point A what above the plane oftravel of the bottom face of the billet I2. When the billet I2 strikesthe roller I1,` it forces the roller supporting the pressed on journalshaft 50 of the pressure roller I1. The support 55 is connected to causea compression spring 56 to move downwardly a -vertical slide frame 51.The frame is connected through a pivot pin 5B with a tilting or rockingframe 59 which pivotally supports an extension of the hood 40.

The support 55 is fixed on a depending tube 6I of square cross section(Figs. 11 and 13) which rollers 62. Each roller 62 is journalled on ashaft 63 carried between a pair of brackets B4 secured on the innersides of I beams 65 of the framework, The I beams 65 are attached toplates 56 which are secured to the concrete foundation for the machine.The pressure of the spring 54 is adjusted by means of a anged screw 61threaded into a square plate 68 sliding within the square tube 6I! andengaging the top of the spring 54. The flange of the screw 61 supportsthe member 55. It is adjusted by an integral extension having a squaretop for a wrench. An adjustable screw 69 secured to the support 55 and`freely movable through an opening in the top of the front I-beam 65serves to limit the upward mo- 1Il is adjustably carried in the top ofthe support 55 and engages the mount 1I which carries the pivot pin 58,and which is integral vwith the vertical slide frame 51, This servesdownward movement ofthe slide frame 51 and the grinding wheel IB. Thepressure of the spring 56 in the slide frame 51 may be also adjusted togrinding action by means of a a sleeve nut 15 suitably seof the slide51. The

screw 12 actuated by 46.V The V pulley take up for grinding wheelintegral depending threaded y of its periphery is somei* to limit the i.v

14 (Figs, 11. and'12) cured onto the hood 40,l

' ating a screw 86 passing top plate 814 (Fig. 11) suitably connected t0the gaging a vertical slot be, of suitable construction, duction directcurrent gear 'is'controlled by a push button .and a suitable rheostat 91which vcarry the four flanged trolley Y 7 screw 12 has an which slidesinv the frame bottom of the spring '56. v

Although the method of grinding and the apparatus may be'employedwithout oscillating or tilting the wheel I9, I preferably oscillate thewheel through a suitable angle such as and this is permitted by thepivotpin 58 connecting the frame parts 51 and 59. The axigof the pivot pin 58is substantially aligned with the top face of the billet duringgrinding. The rocking frame 59 is a' U shaped member having side'slidestraps which form guides for the vertically movabletwo piece slide 15that pivotally mounts a swivel guide 16 (Fig. 12) having an aperturewhich slidably but non-rotatably engages, by means of a fixed key. aguide' bar 11 sewheel I6 will tilt with the rocking frame 59. i

'I'he wheel I6 is fed towards the work as it vwears'away by means of ahandwheel 85 operthrough the threaded slide l15 which carries the swivelguide 1li.` The latter (Fig. 12) allows the guide barv11'to telescopetherethrough asthe grinding Wheel I6 be.l comes smaller in diameter, orwhen its grinding station is changed, s The rocking frame 59 isoscillated by means of a pin 88 vcarried by the plate 81 (Fig. 11),- andeni'n a slide bar 89 connected to a lever 90 (Fig. l0) fulcrumed to abracket 9| and connected by a link 92 to the slide bar 89.

The lever 90 is oscilla This driving mechanism may such as a doubleremotor. which drives speed. The motor switch 96 (Fig. 10) thus controlsthe rate at which the grinding wheels Vare oscillated. The degree ofoscillation may be controlled by electric motor 95.

at a constant or adjustable using an adjustable variable throweccentric.

By this constructionffthe rocking frame 59 that guides the grindingwheel I6 mayloscillate for tilting the wheel as verticalmovement of theslide frame 51v and the support 55 or the pressure roller I1, Before thegrinding wheel comes into contact with the pres- .sure roller, thespring 56 positions the grinding wheel above the normal plane of contactwith the ted by a link 93 connected -f to an eccentric 94 mounted onthe` shai't of an required without aiecting the' integralsquareshapedhead 81 and supports ther inverted L-shaped roller mount I so that thegrinding Ationed 'against the under` s. and-I8) mounted to -ride againstare guided and ride on the rails I 0| ofthe I beam. Two rollers |08(Figs. l1 and 22) suitably pivotally carried by the plates |04 are.adjustably posiside of the trolley rails I 0I and prevent lifting of thesupport 48 under the pressure of grinding.

The position of the grinding wheel the billet is controlledy by a rollerrelative to the rear side ot the billet. The roller ||0 is carried by anadjusted to cause the grinding wheel to grind in tions is made billetI2, and the wheel continues to oscillate in that position. when thebiuet pushes down the pressure roller I1, this forces the rocking frame59. downwardly and brings the wheel into contact with the top of thework and causes it to grind an arcuate path on its top face as thebillet progresses through each grinding zone. The contact of the wheelwith the work is under the resilient pressure of the spring 56 sothatthe wheel s I6 cannot be forced into the work at too rapid a rate.

The grinding wheel is secured in one of the positions I to ||l bymechanism shown particularly in Fig. l1. The support 43 which journalsthe ball joint 42 of the swing frame grinder is constructed like atrolley and is carried on the trolley rails I0| formed by the .twobottom flanges of a trolley I beam |02 suitably carried on the frameworkover the rear of the machine. As shown particularly in Figs. 11, 21, 22and 23,-

varatey lock sleeves 'and nuts |30.

any of the positions I to I0, I I0 is positioned bythe side of thebillet, these paths will have a dennite relationship. l

The adjustment of the grinding wheel across the' face of the work I2 to-thesevarious posi'- rst by crudely adjusting the posiplates |04 (Fig.

23) engage two separate plungers |28 slidably left by the springs |25.`The are held by means of the two 'sep- The springs |26 push theplungers |28 and support 43 towards the left and thereby maintainthe-roller I|0 against the billet I2.

Two separate stops |33 adjustably positioned on ings |26, and

are compressed to increase their pressure. By

loosening the clamping screws |21 the plungers the trolley comprises twoseparate plates |04 l 43. These plates |04 wheels |05 which integralwith the support |28 may be moved forward into contact with the trolleyplates |04.- n. plished, the clamping screws I|8 and there locked inwhich is-integral with a y the roller ||0 may be and sincethe roller"(Figs. 1l. 23 and 25) are the trolley rails IOI and When this 'has 'beenaccomrophosphate and the remainder of the ethyl cellulose solution areadded and agitation is continued until a uniform'mixture results.Thereat about upon the product is dried under vacuum '170 vll. to removethe ethyl cellulose solvent vapoi-s.

The material is screened through a' 20- has several advantages from theprocedural mesh sieve to form a granulation and stored until used. s I

The observations relative to the action taking place at the variousstages and the ingredients and amounts noted previously in connectionwith ascorbic acid are similarly applicable here. l

In an alternative method, all of the ingredients of the B complexformulation above noted, except 4 ground to a uniform mix- In thisalternative not coated and in the ethyl cellulose, are ture and storedfor use. method the B vitamins are some embodiments of the inventionthis is not o necessary if the other means of achieving isolation andprotection are utilized.

' non coating and granulazam Kilos Sodium iron pyrophosphate 21.333

Ethyl cellulose dissolved in ethyl alcohol to l make a 5% solution .907Calcium pyrophosphate The sodium iron pyrophosphate is added to a mixer'and coated with the ethyl cellulose solution as described above inconnection with the foregoing granulations. Alifter thorough coating,the calcium pyrophosphate is added gradually, and agitation is continueduntil mixing is complete. The resulting moist material is subsequentlypassed through an oscillating granulator and dried at 160 F. in air. Thematerial may be sieved through a 60-mesh screen an'd stored for use. l

The observations as to the actions taking place at the various stages,as well as the ingredients used on their amounts noted above inconnection with the B and C granulations are also applicable to the irongranulation.

Water-soluble binder dissolved in water to make 24 gallons The calciumpyrophosphate and coated iron granulationsfare added gradually with thebinder solution to a mixer until all of thematerials have been added.The final product is a caky and cohesive mass, and may be passed throughan oscillating granulator and dried in an oven at' 160 F. In the finalstep the material is passed through a 20,-mesh sieve and thereupon isstored for processing.

The binder is included so that the tablet will hold together during thestamping and coating operations. The amount used and the amount of waterused are not critical as long as the desired result is obtained.

The amount of calcium pyrophosphate is that necessary, in addition tothat used in the previously described granulations Aor mixtures, toachieve' the desired amount of calcium in the 'complete mixture.

If desired, the iron may not be included in thisgranulation in whichevent only. the calcium pyrophosphate and the binder would begranulated. The preferred method described, however,

standpoint. v

All of the above ingredients, granulations or mixtures, depending onexact method selected for processing the various ingredients, are placedin a mixer from which the air may be evacuated. All of the materials arethoroughly mixed, After initial mixing and during continued mixing. theoil-soluble vitamins, such as A and D, in the form of a concentrate orin an oil, are sprayed over the granulation. If desired, the concentratemay be applied to one or a granulations and the remaining materials thenadded. The addition of the concentrate in the preferred manner, however,has the advantage of obtaining a thorough mixture during the addition.

Flavoring material may also be added, before,

I after, or during-the addition lol the concentrate. 20

' The complete mixture is then ready for stamp-4 ing into tablets. Inthe specific illustrative examplethe amount in eachtablet would beadjusted so as to make a million tablets,

'I'he completed tabletsy are given a series of protective coatings.. Thefirst of these coatings may comprise a solution of a cellulose ester orether, such as ethyl cellulose or collodion. If the tablet has any voidsinto which4 air may penetrate, the coating penetrates into such voidsthereby eliminating and excluding air. Although this material resistsair and moisture. as has been pointed out heretofore, X-ray analysisshows that the coating is suillciently penetrated under conditionsprevailing in the alimentary canal to permit disintegration of thetablet and the release of all of lisation by the body.` The'secondcoating may consist of a cellulosic solution with which a vegetableshellac ing may be repeated any number of desired times, for examplefour additional coats have been found to be desirable. The substitutionof a part vof the cellulosic material by shellac is desirable from thedietary point of view, b ut yeither may be used. It is desirable to dusteach ofthe coatings with a calcium salt in order to facilitate thecoating, This also permits the inclusion of a larger amount of calciumin the tablet,

If desired, one or more ofthe coatings dusted with an compoundcontaining the ample, citric acid.

Following the coatings with cellulosic material and shellac, it may bedesirable to coat the tablets with a gelatin and .sugar solution as isconventional in the tablet coating art.

Following this treatment the tablets may be waxed with a solution of waxin a suitable volatile solvent to provide 4a polished surface, as isconventional in the tablet coating art.

Although the use of antioxidants and other additional agents 4is notnecessary in forming the tablets of the present invention, it is to beunderstood thatl eluded. p

As illustrative of the effectiveness of theprotection againstloss ofpotency afforded by the coating of ethyl cellulose, lvitamin tabletswere prepared 'following the general technique described above,`including the application of a iinal sugar coating. Immediately upontheir completion the vitamin tablets were analyzed by conventionalquantitative analysis techniques to determine the vitamin A content asexpressed' in U. SfP. units, `and the vitamin B1, vitamin C,

acidic material or with a calcium saine, such as for. ex-

mixture of two or more its constituents for utihas been mixed.v Thissecond coatmaybe4 the use of such materials is not ex- |61 (Fig. 10) toregulate the speed of traverse. dotted line positionof Fig. 9, itengages a slotted of the billets I2 to obtain the desired grinding lug206. Then the deectorarm 34 lies out of y results. Thev motor |65 drivesa spur gear,|10 the path of the billet' and the latter passes onto`meshing with a spur gear |1| mounted on a shaft a. further' set of freerollers 206 outside of the |12 which mounts at its forward end abevel-gear 5 machine. By lifting the lever 202 (Fig. 47) whose |13arranged todrive a bevel gear |14 keyed to positionv is limited by theupper corner which a two piece shaft |15 (Fig. 7) -coupled togetherstrikes the mounting for the pin 200, it may be and which is suitablymounted in bearing bracks moved from engagement with the righthand'anets |16. (Fig, l1) arranged lengthwise of the magularlyadjustable'lug 204 and the ldellector arm chine on the rear I beam 65.The shaft |15 car- 10' 34 is then thrown to an inoperative position whenries a set of bevel gears |11 which, with the bevel the lever 202engagesr lille S1017 in l9lle1ug2ll5.l The gear |14 drive the bevelgears |18 (Fig. 39) on outer SideS 0f the SloS in the lugs 204 dhd12 theshort shaft |19 suitabi i mountedin sleeve are muchl higher than theinner bevelled sides.

f bushings in the unit. Each shaft |19 has a power 'thereby limiting thelSWillg 0f the leVel 202- This vtwo separate upright framesl88. A spring|88, Illi-Ve Certain ones `pOWel dliV driven roller I5 pressedvintoposition for feeding 15 Permits the billet to be moved endWiSe from thethe billet 2 endwise.-

' machine onto the free rollers 206 which carry it 'e A pair of rollersisn and Isl (Figs. 39 ana 4o)- to the ynext operation Before the billetIreaches, are also mounted in suitable bearings to rotate 'the defletoarm 34, it iS Supported on the freely freely about vertica1 axes andengage the vertical rotatable rollers 208 some of which may be powsidesofthe billet l2. The right hand roller lsu 20 er driven, Wliioh aremounted on the I beam e5 is preferably mounted in n xed bracket, Whilethe and have the same construction as shown in Fig.

-left hand roller |8| is preferably carried in a ,43- An `angie iron 207is mounted nealtue Toumove. le slide |82 (Fig. 40) to compensate for ers208 (Fig. 45) to serve as a guide for the billet .variations in thewidth and shape of the billet. l2 before it strikes the delieotor arm34- The roller |8| is held under the pressure of an 25 `Whol1 the billethas' Siii down the Chute -35 adiustabie'spring las to counteract thethrust of (Fier 45') it cornes to yrest against' ,an angle iron thesprings |2Y5 The spring is suitably mounted 2|0 which extends to theadjustable deflector 36.

, in the slide 32 and ltighnsned byv a suitable ad The billet is nowinposition onl the rollers 20 to .instable screw supported by a two partbracket be moved back toward the starting end ofthe |84. The rolls |80and |8| position the billet rel- 30 maohinel Likewise, all angle,il0l1-2| l Which` ative to the grinding Wheel,- i guides the billet I2extends from the first roller A pressure roller |35 engaging the'top ofthe 20 under the framework' (Fig. 8) at the left end billetk (Figs. 39and 42')V is pressed on a shaft |86 to just beyond the oieoi'fi'io motor45 foi' the third having a horizontalaxis which .is rotatable ingrinding stationl (Fig. 7). Thereafter anat plate sleeve bushings in aslide block |s1 which is freely 35 2l2 is usedto allow the billet I2 toswing when movable vertically in a slideway formed bythe itengelgeSs-the delleetol 36. These rollers may en or they may` be which'countemets the upward pressure of the arranged in an inclined position;as indicated in spring s4. presses against the slide block |81,- Fig- 2,so as to act as a gravity oonveyor'system and its tension may besuitably adjusted by 9, 40 witha horizontal sectionbeyond the right handcheck nuttediscrew |00' threaded Ain a top plate ond of the guide 2H(Fig- 6lthat connects the frames |33 It will thus be When the billetreaches the starting end of the seen thatthese four rolls located in theupright machine, ii? iS doiiooted by the arcuate and ad' frames lasposltionlthe billet as it moves through instable deileotor plate 36(Fig. 6) into a Posithe machine. This construction as above detion Whereit may be Seized uy the prongs 2'5 .of

scribed is dupiioated at non sideof the grinding i the endless conveyorchains 31,v shown particustations. larly in' Figs. 6 and 44. Theconveyor chains 31 When the billet has' passed ne last grinding aremounted on sprockets 2|6 and 2|1 carried on wheel and reaches the finalposition or Fig, 9, two suitably mounted parallel shafts 2l8 and 2l@-the leading end of the billet l2 strikes the des The shaft 2li is'adinstably mounted to take up Hector arm 34 (Figs. 45, 46 and 47) whichis arthe vSlack of the conveyor chains 31, and it lis 'y ranged tt suchan angle as to shove the billet to i driven by a double reduction directcurrent gear the position 13 (Fig, 1) where if, shoes down the motor 220adapted for a constant or an adjustable incline'chute 35 (Fig. 45). Thedeilector arm 34 Speed. The motor-may be Controlled by 2 Epu-S11 isshown at the maximum adjustment at which button SWCh. 22| and anadjustable I'hEOSt'art 22.2 position the billet l2 still has a slightclearance (Fig- 44) to-regulate the 4sioeedof the conveyor in theopening formed by the upright frames |33 chains 31 to lift-l the billetl 2. The electric motor (Fig, `40) as it is skewed and fed by the power220' drives 'a sprocket 223 which drives a linkl driven roller l5 andfulcrumed on the nxed .roller Chainv 224 which runs on a sprocket 225keyed 0n lao in the last work feeding station. 'rhe'deflec-- co theshaft 2l8 (Fig-44)- Various otherfeatures f tor arm 34 may be mademovable to and from an 0f COIlStIuCliOn and adjustment may be employedoperative, positionby pivoting if; on a pin 200 in connection with thiselevator mechanism as suitably carried on a xed bracket 20| mounted Wellas. the motor drives 0f the llftehllle,- 2S Will on the frontI beam 65.A lever 202 is pivotally 'be leedily' apparent t0 011e Skilled in theart. connected at right angles to the deflector arm The upper chainSprockets 2 ll mounted on the 34 by means of a pivot pin'203. The iever202 shaft 2| 9 ofthe lifting conveyor are elevated iS held` in a slottedpivotally mounted lug 204 somewhat above the working level of thegrindingv (Figs. 9 and 47) on a movable bracket 205 which Wheel, and theparts are so arrangedk that when 1 is adjustablymounted byv means ofanelongated: the billet is discharged from the pronged elevator slot(Fig. 9) and two bolts engaging the support- 70 Chains it Will be turnedthrough a quarter turn so i ing front I beam' 65 to vary the angle ofthe -as to present a new face to the grinding wheels. 1 deector arm 34.When the deector arm is in The billet is pushed by the prongs 2|5 of thecon- 1 they full line position of Fig. 9, the billet ls deveyorchains-31 along the receiving chute toward l nected onto the chute 35?,but when the deilector the face rollers I4 (Figs. 6 and 44) At thispoint g arm 34 is moved so that the lever 2021s in the 75 the operatormay manually pull the billet-,Johto amaca the rollers I4 and finallybeneath the grinding wheel. It may be fed automatically by means of-power driven rolls to the'rst grinding station if desired. Thissequence of operations goes on until the four sides of the billet havebeen ground, and then the operator causes the billet to be dischargedfrom the machine by swinging the defiector arm 34.

It will now be appreciated, in view of the description of a billetgrinding machine, that various aspects of this invention may beemployedin simplified types of grinding machines. For ex-4 ample, a single swingframe vgrinder may be used for grinding or snagging the surface of acasting, and wherein the grinding wheel is forced under acontrolledpressure against the work surface without theoperator having'to apply effort on his part. This is accomplished by using aconstruction of the type shown primarily in Figs. 11 and 26, wherein thewheel is mounted for a reciprocating or a universal movement over astationary or a movable work piece. The work may be reciiprocated by themechanism indicated in the drawings, and the wheel may be reciprocatedcrosswise of the Work by suitable power connections to the trolley ormanually by means 'of the rod |45 of Fig. 26.

Also, in such a simplified construction, the grinding wheel may beoscillated through an angle which apexes on the work surface, so thatone 'may accomplish automatically the present day practice in which aworkman swings manually a swing frame grinder in such a way as to give atilting and sweeping action of the wheel across the work. Furthermore, awork piece having an irregular contour, such as a billet or a casting,

to grind transversely of its travel of the work: but for some types ofwork it is entirely feasible to h'ave the grinding wheel axis arrangedat right angles to the direction of work travel and thu's v grind flatplane paths of the work surface.

The operations of these various parts of the mechanisms have been fullyset forth above andv vneed not be repeated. It will be understood thatthe machine operator may vary the operation of the machine widely inaccordance with the various adjustments permitted in this construcion.

It will also be appreciated that various mechanlcal equivalents may besubstituted for the mechanisms above described, and that one may addother automatic features or eliminate some of those herein describedwithout departing from the broad Aprinciples of this invention. Hence`the above disclosure is to be interpreted as setting forth thoseprinciples and as describing a preferred embodiment of this machinevandnot as imposing y limitations on thev claims appended hereto.

I claim: y 1. A grinding machine comprising power driven resilientlymounted rollers for supporting a noni-rotatable long work piece andtraversing it may be safely ground without applying undue i pressure onthe grinding wheel, since the vertically movable and pivotal frame 51,14 which controls the'oscillation and up and down movement of thegrinding wheel is so constructed that the grinding wheel may move inacco-rdance with the work contour as permitted by the springs whichcontrol its `position and so will not be forced too deeply into theWork.

A further important feature in such machines wherein the grinding wheelaxis is parallel to the direction of travel of the work lies in the factthat the work is not permitted to strike the grinding wheel as itapproaches the same. An abrasive wheel is especially vulnerable to ablow on its side. In my preferred construction, is held away from thepath of the Work until the work itself causes the wheel to move forwardinto grinding contact. When a-heavy work piece is being ground, I usethe weight of the -work itself to hold the wheel in that contact,although resilient means such as springs are provided which compensatefor irregularities in contour ofthe Work surface. In this way. I haveprovided a, construction involving one or several swing frame grindersin which the highly difficult and objectionable operational features ofthat type of apparatus are eliminated, and the operator of the machineis required to do no more than 4minor operations and to control thevarious adjustments of the machine.

Accordingly, this invention applies both to a simplified type of machineinvolving one or it small number ofwheels as well as a complex ma..

through a plurality of grinding zones, and power -driven grinding wheelshaving their axes parallel with the direction of work travel which arearfor grinding simultaneously a plurality of paral-l lel arcuatecontiguous paths on one side of the traversing work piece.

2. A grinding machine comprising means for supporting a non-rotatablelong work piece and traversing it progressively into a plurality ofgrinding zones, an independent power driven grinding whee1 arranged in'each of said zones for grinding one side of the work simultaneously,said wheels having their axes-parallel with the direction of work traveland arranged offset relative to each other to grindparallelcontiguous'arcuate paths on one work surface during a singlework traverse, means for holding each wheel resiliently against the workunder a predetermined adjustable pressure, and means for oscillating thevwheel through' an angle apexed at the work surthe wheel face whichmaintains the path of Agrinding substantially straight.

y 3. A machine for grinding `the surfaces of nonlroiuatable longdiscontinuous work pieces comprising means yfor traversing al successionof said work pieces in one direction, a set of power driven grindingwheels arranged offset relative to each other and with their axessubstantially parallel with the direction of travel of the work so as to`grind simultaneously a'plurality of paralvlel contiguous arcuate pathson one side of each work piece, and means for selectively removing anywork piece or alternatively returning it in the opposite direction andagain presenting it to the wheels. for another grinding operation. y

4. A grinding machine comprising power driven'mechanism for traversing along non-rotatable work piece endwise in .one direction through agrinding zone, a series of grinding wheels arranged cis'et relative toone another for grinding simultaneously one face of the traversing workpiece, mechanism for returning the work piece to its initial startingposition and mechanism for turning the work piece to present anotherface to said wheels for a further grinding action.

5. A machine for grinding the surface of a nism yieldingly urging the ithe wheel tively removing the billet from the machine r alternativelyreturning it for another grinding' operation and means forautomaticallyturning the billet and presenting a newface for grindingduring a. -second pass through' the grinding zone.

6. A grinding machine comprising mechanism `for traversing a work pieceinto and through a grinding zone, a grinding wheel arranged with itsaxis substantially parallel with the direction of travel of the workpiece, and automatically actuated means which normally holds the side ofthe grinding wheel out of the path of the advancing work piece and whichrelatively moves the wheel and work into contact for lthe grindingoperation as the leading edge of the work passes the side faceof thewheel.

7. A grinding machine comprising means for traversing a work piece intoand through a grinding zone, a power driven grinding wheel mounted torotate aboutan axis which is substantially parallel with the directionof the movement of the work, means which normally holds the wheel out ofthe path of movement of the work as the latter enters the grinding zoneand thereby prevents thefwork from striking the side of the Wheel andmeans operated by the weight of the work entering th'e 'grinding zonewhich causes the wheel to move into grinding contact therewith.

8. A grinding machine comprising a grinding wheel arranged to grind anarcuatefpath on a work piece, means for traversing an'elongated workpiece parallel with the wheel axis, mechanormal grinding position andmeans actuated by the forward end of the moving work piece which' forcesthe grinding wheel forward and holds it in a resilient grinding contactwith the work while the latter is traversing through the grinding zone.

9. A grinding machine comprising-means for supporting a non-rotatablework piece and traversing it through a grinding zone, a power drivengrinding wheel arranged with its axis substan- 'tially parallel with thedirection of travel of the work piece, and means for oscillating thegrinding wheel through an angle apexed at the work surstantiallystraight.

automaticallyI actuated means for oscillating the wheel during thegrinding operation.

12. A grinding machine comprising a pivotally mounted frame, a grindingwheel rotatably mounted thereon and arranged for tilting through anlangle apexed on the work surface, means for traversing a work pieceparallel with the 'wheel axis so that the wheel grinds an elongatedarcuate r path, means for adjusting the frame to vary the wheel path, aswinging lever pivoted in substantial alignment with the work surface,means for adjustably connecting the frame to the lever so that swingingthe lever tilts the wheel for any wheel away from its face andmaintaining its path of grinding sub- 10. A grinding machine comprisinga power driven grinding wheel, means for traversing a work piece in adirection parallel with the wheel axis so as to forman .arcuate grindingpath on the work surface, -a pivotally mounted support arranged foroscillating the vwheel about an axis passing substantially through theline of grinding. contact and at right angles to the path of travel ofthe work, means for adjusting the wheel so that it will grind apre-determined path, and automatically actuated means for oscillatingthe wheel during the grinding operation.

` 11. A grinding machine comprising a'powerv ydriven grinding wheel,

means for traversing a work piece 'in adirection parallel with the wheelaxis so as to form an arcuate grinding path on the work surface, apivotally mounted support arranged for oscillating the wheel about anaxis i passing substantially through the line of grindj ing contact andat right angles to the path of travel of the work, resilient means forholding under pressure against the work, and

grinding position thereof and means for swinging the lever andoscillating the wheel 4through, said angle.

1'3. A grinding machine comprising a pivotally mounted frame, a grindingwheel thereon arranged for tilting through an angle apexed at the anglefor different sizes and paths of the wheel, means for oscillating thelever and said wheel, a resiliently mounted support 'for the pivot ofthe lever, and means actuated by entry of the work into the grindingzon'e which moves the lever support and causes the 4work under ayielding pressure.

14. `A grinding machine comprising a swing frame grinder having apivotal support, a 'motor and a driven grinding wheel mounted on oppokpivot,` means for traversing a work piece in grinding contact with thewheel and substantially parallel with the wheel axis so that the wheelwill grind an elongated arcuate path, means whereby the wheel may bemoved transversely of the ydirection of work travel, and

pressure means for holding the work and the wheel in grinding contact.15. A grinding machine elongated arcuate path, means whereby the wheelmaybe moved transversely of the direction of' comprising a series ofpower driven rolls'which move the work arranged alternately withresiliently mounted pressure rolls and means associated with thepressure rolls which holds the wheel in grinding contact with the work.

17. A grinding machine comprising mechanism for traversing a work piecein one direction, a trolley rail and a trolley movable thereontransversely of the direction of work travel, a frame universallypivoted on the trolley, a power driven grinding wheel carried by theframe with its axis substantially parallel with the direction of worktravel and arranged to grind an arcuate path on the work, meansassociated with the trolley for moving the wheel and locating the -wheelpath, and means for oscillating the wheel through an angle apexed on thework surface.

the wheel to be held againstv 18. A4 grinding machine according to claim17 comprising means for adjusting the wheel position to compensate forwheel wear.

19. A grinding machine comprising mechanism for traversing a work pieceinto and through a vplurality of grinding zones, a set of movable framescarrying independent power driven grinding wheels arranged in a seriesfor grinding -the work progressivelyl in said zones, the Wheels beingsubstantially parallel axially with the direc- 10 f 18 tion of worktravel and so arranged as to grind parallel, adjacent, arcuate pathsalong the traversing Work, resilient; acting .pressure means controlledby the work for holding each wheel under -a lyielding pressure againstthe work and which

